Bcom/230 Memo Review

Memorandums are a versatile form of business communication. They can range from inform, such as the University of Phoenix Material: Accounting Memo, to the formal; which would be the reply memo that would be sent to the Vice President. The degree of their formality can vary widely, so in writing the reply the sender much pay close attention to various types of information he/she should omit/include, the type of jargon used, and any potential repercussions in failing to know his/her audience. Corrections.There are various corrections that need to be made throughout the memorandum. To include the following in the Heading: †¢To: Mr. /Mrs. Smith, V. P. †¢From: Andrew Jones (He would also include his initials) †¢Department: Accounting (Being his senior officer the Vice President may not know who Andrew Jones is) †¢CC: Joe Accountant (Include the the partner he was working on the project with) †¢Date: January 28, 2013 The Subject line would also not be included in the heading, but several spaces down from the heading.Where the original sender included a greeting of â€Å"TEAM-MATE† should be omitted because it is unnecessary and out of place. This is the type of greeting that should be included in an email or letter. This is where the subject line should be included. To read: †¢Subject: Last In/First Out Vs. First in/First Out Inventory Review Jargon. The sender needs to be careful of his/her use of accounting specific terms such as LIFO, FIFO, COGS, and P&L Statements because they are everyday terms used by accountant, this can create confusion if the recipient does not know the term.An easy solution would be to define the word or spell it the first time then proceed with acronyms proceeding. Repercussions. The repercussions that a person may face when failing to know ones audience is that you run the risk of writing the wrong type of message formal when informal should be used, or informal when formal should be used. This could lead from something as little as embarrassment to reprimand.Other possible scenarios are that your message is misunderstood and not convey because your audience did not understand the meaning of what you were saying. Conclusion. Memos can be a simple message to another co-worker, or a formal message to the Vice President of the company, but as long as you know how to address your audience, be careful of the word choice, and know what information is important for your audience; you should be able to write a clear, concise memorandum.

Mr. Know All Essay

Mr. K seems to be a fake person but finally he saves the lady’s life and marriage. It’s not always good to judge a book by its cover. A Road Not Take: How people in the world make decisions. Hots: * Inference. Interpreting the sigh (somewhere ages and ages hence) was he happy or not? It wasn’t that he wasn’t happy with his choice. It’s only he wanted to be able to walk through both paths. Once you’ve taken a single path you change your life forever. You can’t jump into the same river twice. You’re a different person, both you and the river change. Even if you do go back, you’re not the same person anymore. One path leads you to another. * Explaining a pattern. * Problem solving. How does he choose? How does he weigh the pros and cons? He uses this skill to compare and contrasts, he tries to see which one’s better which one was used more, in the end he just takes the one that wanted wear, the one that more people have walked on and that’s way we can’t be sure whether or not his choice was correct. He tried to see where the roads bend. (â€Å"I kept the other to another day† though we know he can’t bring back time†) maybe he’s choosing between good and good. Literary terms: * Symbolism. The path, time and day, yellow woods – either dawn (new beginning) or the seasons (fall) – a time of change. Metamorphosis. * Theme. What was he trying to tell us? Was he happy?. It’s one of hope and one of regret. It’s up to interpretation. There’s both regret and comfort. (The more correct – he’s not sorry about what he took but he’s sorry about the human feeling of having to have both and being forced to choose one. ) He has a dilemma and he has to make a decision. As I grew older: On the one hand Langston Hughes could be just a regular person who has dreams, and as he grows older his dreams are obliterated by a big wall causing a shadow and either he decide to break through it and achieve his goals. However, we know he was African American and the fact of him being black, made him who he is. By knowing how he feels about racism and discrimination, we understand the poem better. When he’s a kid he doesn’t understand he’s being put within a society in which he can succeed. But as he’s growing older he understands he can’t achieve what he wants to achieve with the current reality. When he becomes an adult he understand how limited he is. He lays there in the shadow looking at the wall. Then, he look at his dark black hand (negative connotation) on the other hand, these black hands are the ones that smash the wall into thousands of pieces of light. He’s his own master, he has the power. If he wants to do it he and only he can change is fate. HOTS: * Distinguishing different prospective – his perspective towards life change throughout the poem. (Kid – Insight – Won’t accept his fate). * Cause & Effect – he basically has to cause the effect. He’s the person (the simple man) who can take charge. He’s the only one who can change his fate and cause the effect. If there wasn’t a cause and he fact he’d just stay there lying looking at the wall grow older and older. He believes the discrimination is wrong but it’s not enough to talk and the action that he takes violently by smashing the wall and shattering the darkness might change his fate and then he’ll be able to achieve his dreams. Literary terms: * Symbols: mood, hand, theme, racism, discrimination. Read the poems and story and read all the questions. Read all the summaries. As I grew older – the question we answered on the board. How it’s being checked – 80% content,20% grammar.

Primary reserch (squirrels behaviour) Assignment

Primary reserch (squirrels behaviour) - Assignment Example The researchers chose fox squirrels living under natural conditions at The Morton Arboretum. Sciurus niger is a specie of squirrels that store acorns and nuts, during winter months, for future use (Kotler et al, 1999 p79). Their food structure is highly complex, thus making this analysis call for a special training. For example, training is needed to determine the supplemental food, which differs in cacheability, to present to the squirrels. Additionally, training is required to determine the behavior of the squirrels, in the assesment trays. Animal’s foraging behavior is significantly affected, in several ways, when its food has future value and is cacheable. When a forager collects food, its marginal value of energy usually declines, thus cost of predation is increased (Kotler et al, 1999 p81). This mostly happens during the summer when dropped supplemental food items such as pine seeds and corns are spread on the ground surface. Food gathering increases to a point that the forager stops collecting more food and moves to a shelter, and this happens during winter. In this experiment, it was determined that food of future high value has less effect on the squirrels current and subsequent food gathering activities (Kotler et al, 1999 p81). However, stored perishable food influences the subsequent behavior of the squirrels. This implies that supplemental food items directly influences behavior of squirrels, during the summer and winter (Kotler et al, 1999 p81). In other words, food gathering is mainly done during th e summer, and squirrels rest during winter while consuming the stored food. Shuttleworth, in this article, is determined to establish how the nutritional content of food items affects the feeding behavior of red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris). According to this study, the nutritional content of food significantly affects the dietary

The story of an Hour, by Kate Chapin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The story of an Hour, by Kate Chapin - Essay Example Most of the parts of the story reveal her inner feelings and her wild dreams about her future enjoyment as she lives alone in freedom, showing the effects of the historical background of the theme and setting. The story was written in the last decade of the nineteenth century when women were still regarded to have the role of selfless motherhood without any assertion to their needs but to be in full submission to their husbands (enotes.com). This theme is expressed in the sentence â€Å"What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in the face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!† The story does not express any other stronger reason for Mrs. Mallard’s joy for the death of her husband but this. Not that she wanted her husband dead but she wanted her freedom more than being placed under someone’s authority and is left to no self-identity but the wife of Brently Mallard. Despite her love for her husband which is expressed in the story as inconsistent, and the love of her husband to her which is suggested to be of the same affect in the statement â€Å"  the face that had never looked save with love upon her†, referring to her husband’s treatment of her, she longed for a freedom that is totally hers. The issue in this story then is her being a wife, commonly regarded to do nothing else but stay in the house, raise children and play the role of a dutiful husband and mother. However, the main character wants more than that, she wanted to have the same freedom as her husband, able to go to places she wanted to and do things she desired and express herself in whatever means available without the power of a man or even his influence to whatever she does. Mrs. Mallard was first presented as a woman with a heart failure which could be symbolic to the disease in her marriage (Myriad). Although love was in the relationship, it seemed to have limited the expression of it by the norms during their existence as suggested by the world they lived in. As mentioned earlier, women were regarded to have lesser rights and are bound in the four corners of the house however, to the heroine, she wanted a different version of her story. She knew her husband loved her as much as she loved him, assuming the ‘sometimes' she regarded to love him are the same times he looked at her with love yet she wanted more than that. As a human being, she felt the need to socialize, to go out and find herself, see what she could do beyond the walls that are keeping her from the outside world. She wanted to see the beautiful things in this world in an encounter and not just from a distance, through the windows of her room. This was very important matter in the relationship of the couple which was killing their love, as the heart would be the most important part of a person’s body, which when collapses, would kill the person. Her weeping after hearing the news of the death of her husband shows the love she had for her husband, not feeling as other women had in similar circumstances, feeling numb and unable to think clearly, trying to internalize and accept the news. To her, the news reached home and hurt her, so the immediate reaction was her weeping, without regard to who would be watching or what worries would there be about her. Her feelings later show the other side of

Principles of research and evidence based practice Essay

Principles of research and evidence based practice - Essay Example The focus in this paper is on evidence-based practice in the nursing field that has gained a lot of momentum and the definitions vary. The findings of research, clinical knowledge, knowledge gathered from science, and all the medical expert opinions fall under what many in the field call "evidence" although practices that are based on research findings always tend to result in the required patient outcomes in different settings the geographic locations notwithstanding. According to Schofield, the impetus and desire for this evidence-based practice in matters nursing comes from healthcare practitioners, readily available medical information. Evidence-based practice requires changes in nursing education and other aspects like practice-relevant kind of research, and closer working relationships among all the concerned groups, that is, researchers and clinicians. Evidence-based practice does provide many opportunities for the whole concept of nursing care to be a bit more effective, indi vidualized, dynamic and streamlined. This, nevertheless, helps in minimizing the effects of the clinical judgments. In incidences where evidence is used to define some of the best practices rather than just supporting the existing practices, the profession of nursing care manages to keep pace with some of the latest technological advancements and also takes advantage, in many ways, of new medical research findings and knowledge developments. The different types of evidences vary on the basis of the fact that they are normally from different sources. This evidence based practices, often abbreviated as EBP, basically aims at applying the best valid and reliable evidence  which has been gained by use of scientific method  to making clinical  decisions. This evidence for practice is extremely important in the sense that it seeks to help in assessing the strength and validity of evidence of the benefits and risks of  treatment, or even lack of it and medical diagnostic tests. It helps clinicians to learn and be in a position to know whether given treatments plan will do more harm or good. According to Margolis (1999, pg. 135,) the evidence’s quality can be accessed on the basis of the type of source, that is, from  those clinical tests that are controlled and trials, systematic and analytical reviews of  the double-blind variety, and not forgetting other aspects like conventional wisdom. This can also be based on other factors like clinical relevance, validity of the statistics, and currency. According to Ehrenberg (2003, pg 281,) evidence based practice recognizes the fact that most of the aspects of medical and health care depend on very particular and individual factors like quality or   life value judgments, and this are normally subject to scientific research methods. This evidence based practice , however, attempts to clarify those medical activities and practice parts that are principle and part of the scientific methods and applying tho se methods in ensuring that best  prediction of expected outcomes in treatment of medical illnesses , even as the raging debate on what desirable outcomes should be (Ramstadius,1997,pg. 5). The research process is well known by most of the researchers in the medical field. Those involved in the carrying out of research in evidence based practice, if the current research finding are anything to go by, are well versed with the scientific research process. The systematic process that characterises research has to be strictly adhered to whenever those who intend to do any kind of medical researching .This ensures that the findings and data that is collected

CESSM 3 and the NRA method of measurement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CESSM 3 and the NRA method of measurement - Essay Example In the CESSM3, the maximum depths are categorized, whereas the Series 1700 NRA method of measurement constitutes an additional division that has the planned area of excavationIn Class F&G from CESSM3, the eight most common component types in each class division are compiled; an attempt is not made to list all component types in any class.Class F&G from CESSM3 method of measurement seeks to attain these objects principally by using the Work Classification that defines how the work is to be divided into separate BOQ items, the information to be provided in the descriptions of the items and the units that the quantities will be expressed against each itemBoth the Class F&G from CESSM3 and the Series 1700 NRA Measurement methods allow for an item for geotextiles, although CESSM 3 only lists this item as geotextile and there is no space for the description of the item which is provided for in NRA method of measurement. This item is quite similar for both of these methods of measurement. B oth the Class F&G from CESSM3 and the Series 1700 NRA Measurement methods allow for separate headings for material disposal. Both methods of measurement are measured in M3, but the items to be disposed of vary from one method of measurement to the other. In the NRA method of Measurement, the items are listed as Acceptable material Class 5A, Acceptable material excluding 5A, Unacceptable material ClassU1 and Unacceptable material Class U2. On the other hand, topsoil, rock or artificial hard material, a material other than topsoil, rock and stated artificial hard material are listed in the In Class F&G from CESSM3.

Forensic Psychology and Criminal Investigation Essay - 9

Forensic Psychology and Criminal Investigation - Essay Example Plea bargaining is seen to let ‘professional’ criminals get off the hook too easily as they are familiar with the criminal justice system (Miceli, 1996). There are evident advantages for guilty offenders to opt for plea bargain as it significantly reduces their sentence as per the Sentencing Guidelines Council (2007) despite convincing evidence. Similarly, imprisonment may be substituted by alternatives such as home detention, probation period, or community service and even immediate release. Sexual offenders can greatly benefit by pleading guilty to violent behaviour instead of sexual charges that would save them from public registration, special discharge terms, and restricted parole conditions. A defendant who is found guilty of a serious felony in a jury trial on average receives a prison sentence twice of that offered in plea bargain for the same crime (Soni & McCann, 1996). The point of time in a trial when a defendant negotiates plea bargain is critical as it sign ificantly affects sentencing. The Runciman Report demonstrated how knowledgeable criminals use plea bargain to their advantage when they are certain of the verdict, which ensues in a cracked trial (Runciman, 1993). Criminal justice systems based on plea bargain subtly rob defendants of their constitutional rights simply on the excuse of lack of time or money to listen. In reality, plea bargaining creates unconstitutional conditions and exerts impermissible burden on a variety of chief constitutional liberties (Baker & Mezzetti, 2001). In consideration of this, Justice Powell contended (OHear, 2007): Plea bargain deprives the defendant of three fundamental rights protected by Fifth and Sixth Amendments, namely, the right of jury trial, self-incrimination, and confronting hostile witnesses. Weak cases are more likely to enter into plea bargains, as it is difficult to

Making Sense of the Size of the Universe Assignment

Making Sense of the Size of the Universe - Assignment Example The 21st century man believes that he may have to share the universe with other beings in other planets. On the other hand, one who has not heard of the latest discoveries would think he owns the universe; thus, making him feel very special and significant. One does not think that the religious views and beliefs should be updated now that new discoveries are unearthed. Religion is a matter of faith. It should not be based on any scientific finding. Religion is one’s relationship with God, the Supreme Being. Even if there are other beings in the universe, one must still believe and trust that he is special in God’s eyes. One may choose to believe that even the other beings in the other galaxies are also special to God. Christianity need not be updated because of these new discoveries because Christianity is not based on the number of planets, stars or galaxies. It is very hard, if not impossible to reconcile science with religion. The vastness of the universe cannot dictate upon any individual a change in faith. The universe, the stars, the galaxies are not the core of one’s existence. An individual’s existence and significance is determined by his own view of life and his belief on the Creator who made him p art of the

Rationalism and Empiricism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Rationalism and Empiricism - Essay Example It is about the psychological side that Pinker claims, "The past tense is the only case I know in which two great systems of Western thought (rationalism and empiricism) may be tested and compared on a single rich set of data, just like ordinary scientific hypotheses." But Searle argues among other things that the debate about the past tense is not a case in which "two great systems of Western thought (rationalism and empiricism) may be tested and compared on a single rich set of data." Searle argued that the features that make them "great systems of Western thought" are left unaffected by the discussion of the past tense. Their debate also included history, computation and information processing in relation to rationalism and empiricism where both thoughts oppose each other. The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy which Searle (in Pinker & Searle, 2002) thinks is standard, defines rationalism as the position that reason presides over other ways of acquiring knowledge, or that it is the unique path to knowledge. It is most often encountered as a view in epistemology, where it is traditionally contrasted with empiricism, the view that the senses are primary with respect to knowledge (Audi, 1999). Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that asks the question "How do we know what we know" (Epistemology n.d.). This is a nature/nurture debate then, with Rationalists going for nature and Empiricists going for nurture. Some scientists think that people behave as they do according to genetic predispositions or even "animal instincts." This is known as the "nature" theory of human behavior. Other scientists believe that people think and behave in certain ways because they are taught to do so. This is known as the "nurture" theory of human behavior (Powell, 2006). Plato and Descartes were famous Rationalists, John Stuart Mill and David Hume were famous Empiricists. The following can be said to be the levels by which rationalism and empiricism may be differentiated. DIFFERENCES Etymology and emphasis. According to Carlo Sini (2004), the name Rationalism obviously derives from the word 'rational' which goes back to the Latin, 'ratio' meaning 'calculation'. This in turn goes back to another Latin word, 'ratus', which is the past participle of 'reor', meaning "think', 'deem', 'judge'. What runs through all of these is the emphasis on mind, an emphasis connected with the word 'rational' as well: rationalise, rationality, and similar terms. 'Empiricism' derives from another English word, 'empiric', meaning, 'derived from experience.' The term "empirical" was originally used to refer to certain ancient Greek practitioners of medicine who rejected adherence to the dogmatic doctrines of the day, preferring instead to rely on the observation of phenomena as perceived in experience (Sini, 2004). The doctrine of empiricism was first made by John Locke in the 17th century. Locke argued that the mind is a tabula rasa ("clean slate" or "blank tablet"or" white paper") on which experiences leave their marks. To Locke, the mind is like

Critically discuss difficulties you think an organisation development Essay

Critically discuss difficulties you think an organisation development approach might have in managing change in a large organisation (i.e greater than 1000 employees) - Essay Example these efforts are often directed at keeping the organisation up-to-date, reviving its strategies and fostering creativity or innovationist to keep up with the competition (Naghibi and Baban, 2010). One of such strategy is the initiation and implementation of the Organisation Development (OD) Approach- that is practitioner-driven intercession that influences organisation change to enhance the effectiveness (Uk.Sagepub.Com, n.d.). OD approach had its origin in the early 1930s when a group of psychologists realized that the organisational structure has an effect on both workers’ motivation and behaviour (Med.upenn.edu, 2014). The current OD system has extended to include policies of aligning organisations with swiftly evolving and complex business atmosphere through organisation training, skills management and organisation norms and values transformation (Med.upenn.edu, 2014). However, the process of implementing the OD is not always smooth as some of the difficulties may be experienced. The difficulties may be varied depending on the size of the organisation. For instances, a larger organisation (above 1000 employees) will often have its norms, and values documented than in small organisations (Huberths, 2012). Some of the difficulties experienced in managing change include individual resistance and organisational resistance to change. Several definitions have been generated to explain the meaning of organizational development, some of which are significant. According to Hitt and Middlemist, organizational development (OD) is a systematic way for planned change that engrosses the whole organization and is anticipated to boost organization’s efficiency (Learning Ace, 2014). Another definition by Cumming and Huse is that OD is a wide application system of behavioural science skills to the premeditated development and fortification of organizational strategies, processes, and structure, for fostering an organization’s efficiency (Cummings and Christopher,

The Process Analysis Essay Example for Free

The Process Analysis Essay Introduction    An essay is a comprehensive form of true and fair view of representing facts in a particular style of writing [APA, Harvard, MLA, Oxford etc.,] about a subject, issue or a topic. It   defines, briefs, describes achievements, discusses facts and ideas and projects future claims of any paramount discussion or subject.  Ã‚  Ã‚   An essay is immensely useful to students, lecturers, professors, employees and to business entrepreneurs. It   provides large amount of information in snippets while saving time and enabling the process of decision making much easier. A well-written essay is easily readable, delivers accurate dialogue,   serves the purpose of writing and is in close relevance with the usage of terms and phrases. Essay: How useful it is:    Students: Essay can be used as preparatory notes for final exams and also as a gist of main points to work in detail and prepare notes. It is also used for evaluation purposes by teachers in schools. Lecturers Professors: Essays provide new information to lecturers, while evaluating, although it is a hard job to go through students essays over and over again about the same topic, to grade the essays of students.   Most of the students never give up to improve their grades and in order to upgrade their levels, efforts are hard to bring out the best in sources, ideas, and include in writing which results in   a refined work. Employees and Business Entrepreneurs : An essay provides details about a particular field. For example, if a small nursery garden is to be opened, for selling plants, a complete detailed planning is required for a beginner.   This can be discussed through essay as it serves   the purpose of even a small home business.   For an employee, essay is a media of communication for motivation, instruction or explanation for any matter that cannot be discussed over table on a personal or management level. Look more:  process essay III. Kind of Essays:   The usage of words and framing of sentences is dependent on the level or grade of student. i.e. school, college, university/Master or research.  Ã‚   Basing on the level of education, simple, medium, high-level of English language can be used. Students: Grade :8-10+2, essays are informative and in order with curriculum, easily readable and vivid in concept presentation while written in simple English. College: 12+ : Essays are written according to the expectations of lecturers. Lecturers would like to ascertain the level of understanding of students.   Therefore, the emphasis is on understanding of concept rather than providing information from various sources.   For example, if a student is asked to write about FIFA as a current sport in trend, student is expected to brief   about   the sport, its importance and what is the personal approach of the student, towards FIFA.   This will also entertain the lecturer and builds the rapport with the student. University Research: Working on essays in this particular level, require utmost hard work, care and excellent usage of English language. Students are in great benefit for their sincere efforts at a later point of time in career, therefore, any lacunae in writing essays, or researched essays will result in lowering their image. A detailed and thorough hard work is required, even if it is time consuming. As they say â€Å" paper always speaks† of what we are. Concentration is required in the following areas while writing University and Research essays: Collection of facts and preparing draft notes. Collection of views, surveys and opinions. Collection of advantages, disadvantages, remedies and future claims. Excellent usage of English language, with proper punctuation and grammar. Read, re-read, print draft, correct the draft, read and finally print. WYSIWYG : what you see is what you get. Application of four ‘W’s: [why, who, what and where A good beginning is always impressive and encourages reader to look further. Apart from writing facts, encourage and entertain the reader with new and accurate information. Attempt to prove that â€Å"pen is mightier than sword† in writing which will definitely results in achievement of good grades. Essays :Provide information for multi-projects For a venture capitalist or a novice in business, web provides a complete information for all. Gathering information, processing and framing as an essay is a perfect outlook for essay form of writing. Perfect essay works and achieves its target.   Therefore, it is important to analyze what is required in essay and its emphasis while taking up a subject for details.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Without proper and exact analysis of what information is required, many a times, essays do not serve the purpose. Concentration is required in the following areas for gathering details: Purpose of essay : whether it is for real time project/business or a student-based. What is required: A clear writing of the requirements in essay will make the job easier and fast in collecting details. A quick short break : While preparing essays, short breaks will provide fresh ideas, words and sentences. Always jot down the points and tick as and when the writing is finished. Adopt and practice professional writing and presentation. What are the components of a good Essay Use best English Simple style of writing, neat, professionally presented, using not too difficult jargon, is appropriate and considered good for essays. Avoid pessimism, criticism [different from advantages and disadvantages] and negativity in essays. Represent facts in short sentences, paragraphs and numbered sub-headings.   Usage of business terms, legal phrases or with respect to any other field are considered appropriate and suit the need for a good essay. References References are best sources to prove, the kind and quality of essay.   Quality essays always provide and present professional sources. Browsing through a well-written, informative source will assist a student to understand, assess and re-write which is an excellent job in quality writing. What is required in the content? For example, a Microwave oven does baking, cooking, defrosting, grilling and heating. It also heats on the levels. i.e. 100%, 80%, 60%. The user has to press the indicator for a particular task.   Similarly, each particular subject/topic/issue, has varied forms. What is required in the content has to be absolutely clear and concise. Conclusion Before beginning of writing an essay, question should be well read, understood, and analyzed as to what is expected in an essay as answer. Further work on jotting down points according to the number of pages, whether more details can be written or to be in brief. A single source cannot provide the entire information, if more number of facts or details are to be worked out, it is required to visit more number of sources, collect points and frame notes. Dos Walk an extra-mile for research on a topic. Allocate specific hours to think and write on a particular issue. Provide accurate, consistent and tidy work. Re-assess the final job before submission. Don’ts Avoid rush-up work as per the proverb â€Å"haste makes waste†. Never get disheartened if grading is not up to the expectations, but try to work hard to bring the essay to the standards. Reference: How to write an essay: http://www.How to write an essay.htm

Is Odysseus a Hero Essay Example for Free

Is Odysseus a Hero Essay I feel that Odysseus, like any person, can be a hero at some times and very selfish at other times. During the war in Troy, Odysseus was surely a hero, thinking smartly and protecting his men well. However, in books nine through twelve, Odysseus is definitely not playing the role of a hero among his crew. On almost any page you turn to in the book, you can find some act of selfishness coming from Odysseus. During his journey, Odysseus performs many courageous acts. At the island of the Lotus Eaters, he rescues his men from the addiction of the lotus flower. After the Cyclops captures them in his cave, Odysseus blinds the Cyclops with a sharpened log. Then Odysseus’ men sneak out of the Cyclops cave under sheepskins. Odysseus also performs a courageous act when he steers his ship around the deadly whirlpool Charybodis and valiantly tries to defend his men from Scylla, but she strikes to fast for him causing him to lose six men. When Odysseus arrives at the island of the Sun God’s cattle, he and his crew face famine. Therefore, when Odysseus falls asleep his men slaughter some of the Sun God’s cattle. Odysseuss extreme pride and arrogance seems to cause trouble for him on many occasions throughout the book. Epic heroes ought to be proud of their accomplishments but they should not brag or expect things from people because of it. Odysseuss pride and arrogance show up throughout the book. However, one occasion seems to stick out best. In book 9 of The Odyssey, Odysseus lands on an island bordering the land of Cyclops. He watches their brutish ways for days yet he still decides to pay them a visit. His men suggest taking the cheeses and animals but Odysseus refused (The Odyssey, Book 9). Odysseus fought gloriously on behalf of the Greeks in Troy and was considered a war hero of sorts because of it. However, he became to full of himself and did not give the Gods credit for helping him. That is why Poseidon punished him. He bravely endured Poseidons punishment and in the end learned that Man is nothing without the Gods. Therefore, I guess that makes him a hero, that he endured so much and learned a valuable lesson in the end.

Service User and Carer Participation in Social Work

Service User and Carer Participation in Social Work Identify, using examples, how a professional social worker should work in such a way as to ensure user and carer participation. Consider the practice issues for working anti-oppressively with users or carers who are either a  frail elderly person and their carer. A professional social worker must approach the elderly person as an individual and ensure that individual as opposed to generic needs are assessed. In practical terms this means that the approach taken is built upon a mix of professional pragmatism and textbook rules. This manner of approach also ensures that the social worker can approach the practice issues identified in an anti-oppressive and professional manner which promotes both user and carer participation. Certainly in terms of personal reflection, and from the writer’s perspective; as a white, middle class person, integrating the theory of how one is required to engage oneself anti-oppressively, in the capacity of social worker with the pragmatics of good social skills and an ability to put a user, such as a frail elderly person and their carer at ease is all the more important where there are differences between the practitioner and the service user in terms of age, race, religion and sex to name just a few examples. Therefore promoting user and carer participation and working anti oppressively with frail elderly users is by no means an easy task. Such a task requires an understanding of models of oppression. Models of oppression mainly relate to the ‘isms’ within society such as ageism, sexism, classism, racism and many others (Williams, (2002) 1), and in the context of this question perhaps ageism and its avoidance within a user/practitioner setting is the most relevant. The professional social worker must be aware that models of oppression must be understood and applied within carer/user settings in order to promote an ethical, participatory relationship between the two (Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust (2006) 14). This is because as Beckett and Maynard ((2005) 46) observe, the social worker often deals with those groups within society who are the ‘least powerful’. One classic example of this for the social worker in a practice situation could be at a juncture where a frail elderly person reaches a stage where their needs cannot be accommodated at home, and supported accommodation options for the elderly person may need to be discussed. In this instance ‘alone time’ spent between carer and the social worker and the user and the social worker can allow both to discuss the issues at hand frankly, and decide what the best way forward might be. This ensures that there is holistic user participation, as it is important that the needs of a frail elderly person are not entirely overshadowed by the input of the carer. This by no means implies that the carer should be ignored during a home visit, or should be excluded in any manner, but there will be times when it is appropriate for the frail elderly person (provided they are compos mentis) to express their viewpoint independently of those close to them (for example if they express a wish t o have arrangements made for a will). This will also give the social worker an opportunity to have some time alone with the carer, which gives the carer an opportunity to raise concerns or to discuss issues which they would perhaps not feel comfortable raising in the presence of the person who they take care of. Of course, the user participation will be important once these discussions have taken place, because a frail elderly person cannot be placed into supported accommodation without their co-operation and consent. However, it is often beneficial, where a sensitive issue should as a move between home and supported accommodation is to be broached, that a carer and a professional social worker have an opportunity to discuss the needs of the ‘user’ of the services in a setting where these issues can be spoken of frankly. This does not mean that issues should be concealed from a user or from a carer, but often in terms of facilitating anti-oppressive practice issues it i s appropriate to relate to both user and carer in different ways, and therefore it may be necessary to communicate with one or another (user and carer) separately. In this context the issue of power within society and how it relates to social inequalities must be understood. The social worker is in quite a powerful position compared to an elderly and frail service user, and therefore a professional social worker is required to appreciate how their language must be employed as a strategy to engage the service user, and carer anti oppressively, and at the same time promoting participation. To take stock of another example to illustrate this point, let us look at a scenario whereby an elderly person who is frail is hostile to interventions from a social worker. Here, the requirements for anti-oppressive techniques of care become all the more important. Difficult questions become apparent in this context. Some examples are as follows: What should one do whereby a frail elderly person has a carer who looks after their needs on a part time basis, and the social worker feels that there are issues of self neglect during episodes where the carer is not present? To take this example a little further, a scenario could arise where a frail elderly person, whose carer is not present, is being visited by a social worker. Let us imagine that the social worker wishes to gain entry to the house of the elderly frail person in order to assess their needs and the elderly person is suspicious and does not wish to allow the person in. How can language be employed in this setting to promote an ethical relationship based on anti-oppressive techniques in this scenario? A simple answer would be for the social worker firstly to explain who they are and why they wish to pay a visit to the elderly person, and secondly another strategy which could be employed would be to say to the service user (the elderly frail person); Can I come in for a Chat/some Tea?, rather then an overly formal explanation of why they are there for example ‘I have to speak to you to assess whether you are capable of looking after yourself’. This approach also empowers the service user, since they may feel more in control of the interaction, and they might also be more inclined to perceive the social worker on friendly terms. To pose another critically important question here: how should a social worker in this above outlined scenario handle a conflict which arises between an elderly user and the state where an elderly person, who lacks capacity to make decisions for themselves is self-neglecting and will not co-operate with a social worker who encourages them to move into supported accommodation? Two models of intervention may be employed here by the social worker, to deal with the conflict. One is the state intervention model, which may involve sectioning the frail elderly person and removing them into the care of an institution, and alternatively the social worker can choose to employ more moderate interventions which involve living support from voluntary sector groups (Scottish Executive (2006) Section 1.3). Which one is best always depends upon the individual circumstances of the frail elderly person, and the judgement of the individual social worker[1]. In this context, and to continue the reference to the particular example where a social worker wishes to gain entry to the house of a frail, elderly person for the purposes of assessing their needs, it is also important to remember that the social worker owes the frail elderly person some legal responsibilities. All social work practitioners, for example are required to adhere to the various codes of ethics which have been issued through the General Social Care Council, which was set up in 2001. Amongst other duties, each of the 84000 social workers and social worker students on the Social Care Register must submit to inspection by the Commission for Social Care Inspection, and are required to have their own copies of their codes of conduct; and also as of 2003, the Social Care Register requires that only registered social workers may describe themselves as social workers (to label oneself a social worker, and at the same time intending to deceive others in this respect is now a crim inal offence) (www.gscc.org.uk). Another legal responsibility which the professional service user owes to the user and to the carer is the duty not to discriminate unnecessarily against a person on the grounds of their race, ethnicity, disability, and age to give just a few examples of areas which are protected by law by anti-discrimination legalisation. Research into what practice issues are important for services users including carers and the elderly which was carried out by the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust suggests that the combating of discrimination and how it can lead to an oppressive relationship between service user and social worker is very important in social work practice (Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust (2006) 14). In terms of both user and carer participation, the issue of confidentiality is of the utmost importance. This builds trust between user and the social work practitioner and also may lead to a feeling of empowerment by the service user, who is in the context of this question a frail elderly person. To refer back to the first example used in this essay (where the issue of perhaps assessing the needs and views of both carer and an elderly frail person separately has been raised); where there are issues which are quite sensitive between a carer, and a frail elderly person, it is important that the confidence of both parties are respected by the social worker. It is also important to speak to each person on their terms. One classic example of this in the context of a frail elderly person, addressing the user firstly by using their formal title ‘Miss Jones’ for example or ‘Mrs Smith’, as opposed to the use of first names is potentially an important strategy to emp loy. It is often the case that there will be a large generational gap between the frail elderly person and the social worker, and this makes to concept of anti-oppressive techniques and participation techniques all the more important. Such a generational gap may make a frail elderly person perceive the social worker as more of a threat to them, and may perhaps convey to them the impression that the social worker has little understanding of their needs and view of the world. In this sense, also good case management and record keeping (often a legal requirement for social workers) will also facilitate user and carer participation, as well as anti-oppressive practices. In conclusion therefore there are a plethora of practice issues which are pivotal in a scenario where a social worker is required to interact in a professional capacity with a frail elderly person and their carer. All of these issues are intersecting, related, and sometimes contingent upon each other. The requirements for user and carer participation and for an understanding of anti-oppressive techniques are therefore complex concepts which require a pragmatic approach, integrated with a theoretical approach on the part of the contemporary professional social worker. These arguments have been supported throughout the essay through a focus upon reflective and theoretical reasoning. Bibliography Books Beckett, C. and Maynard, A. (2005) Values and Ethics in Social Work. Publisher: Sage Publications. Place of Publication: UK. Articles Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust (2006) Strategy for Social Work and Social Care. Publisher: Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust. Place of Publication: UK. Scottish Executive (2006) The Need for Social Work Intervention. Publisher: Scottish Executive. Place of Publication: UK. Williams, C. (2002) A Rationale for an Anti-Racist Entry Point to Anti-Oppressive Social Work in Mental Health Services Critical Social Work, 2002 Vol. 3, 1. Website http://www.gscc.org.uk/News+and+events/Media+releases/Put+social+care+centre+stage+in+social+exclusion+drive.htm >>. 1 Footnotes [1] See the Scottish Executive Publication for a more in depth account of models of intervention.

Julius Caesar - Tragic Hero Essay -- essays research papers

Julius Caesar as a Tragic Hero Julius Caesar is a play written by William Shakespeare during the year 1597. Julius Caesar’s story involves a conspiracy against Julius Caesar, a powerful senator. The play involves a highly respected senator, Brutus, who decides to join the conspiracy to kill Julius Caesar, in the effort to keep democracy intact. Brutus believes that if Julius Caesar is allowed to live, Caesar will take a kingship and turn the government into a monarchy. Brutus, Cassius, and the other conspirators kill Julius Caesar, yet they find Antony, a loyalist of Caesar, seeks revenge on them. Plato set out rules on the traits a tragic hero must possess. A tragic hero must neither be an evil villain nor a great hero, instead the tragic hero must be either a flawed hero or a villain with some good traits. Also, the tragic hero must not deserve what mighty punishment is dealt to him. Another key feature of a tragic hero is the fact that a tragic hero must be a high-standing individual in society. The tragic hero must not deserve his punishment for the play to be a tragedy. Also, a tragedy happening to someone in high authority, will affect not only the single person but al so society as a whole. Another reason for the tragic hero to be in high authority is to display that if a tragedy may happen to someone such as a king, it may just as easily happen to any other person. Julius Caesar fits the role of a tragic hero. Julius Caesar is a high standing senator that possesses hamartia, failings of human nature. Julius Caesar’s imperfections may be seen in three distinct aspects of Caesar, such as the following: his pride, his vacillation, and his ambition. Julius Caesar has much pride, a hamartia, which brings him to not be wary of the conspiracy. Caesar is given much warning on the threat of his life, yet due to his pride he thinks himself to be too great of a person to have such a downfall. Julius Caesar is warned by a soothsayer, "Soothsayer. Beware the ides of March."(1,2,18) Julius Caesar rebukes the soothsayer by stating, "Caesar. He is a dreamer. Let us leave him. Pass."(1,2,23) Caesar does not take warning to be wary the middle of the month, the day of his assassination. Later, Caesar’s wife Calpurnia has a nightmare that Caesar is slain at the Capitol. Caesar calls for the priests to do a sacrifi... ... for more ruling. This occurrence, that Caesar is surpassing his peers and creating a monopoly, is a very dangerous and serious threat. Cassius expresses his opinion by his statement, "Cassius. †¦but for my single self, I had lief not be as live to be in awe of such a thing as I myself. I was borne free as Caesar; so were you."(1,2,94-97) Cassius also shows that he sees that the Senate and senators are falling in power as Caesar is selfishly acquiring it. "Casca. He fell down in the market place and foamed at the mouth and was speechless. Brutus. ‘Tis very like; he hath the falling sickness. Cassius. No, Caesar hath it blueye3 not; but you and I, and honest Casca, we have the falling sickness [in reference to their falling in power versus Caesar’s rise]."(1,2,254-258) Caesar’s ambition, surely, is a hamartia and is the reason behind the heart of the conspiracy. Through these examples, Julius Caesar can be seen as having the traits of a tragic hero. Upon closer inspection, Brutus is the real tragic hero of the play. This displays how William Shakespeare is able to create realistic and multipurpose characters that inspire his works. Julius Caesar - Tragic Hero Essay -- essays research papers Julius Caesar as a Tragic Hero Julius Caesar is a play written by William Shakespeare during the year 1597. Julius Caesar’s story involves a conspiracy against Julius Caesar, a powerful senator. The play involves a highly respected senator, Brutus, who decides to join the conspiracy to kill Julius Caesar, in the effort to keep democracy intact. Brutus believes that if Julius Caesar is allowed to live, Caesar will take a kingship and turn the government into a monarchy. Brutus, Cassius, and the other conspirators kill Julius Caesar, yet they find Antony, a loyalist of Caesar, seeks revenge on them. Plato set out rules on the traits a tragic hero must possess. A tragic hero must neither be an evil villain nor a great hero, instead the tragic hero must be either a flawed hero or a villain with some good traits. Also, the tragic hero must not deserve what mighty punishment is dealt to him. Another key feature of a tragic hero is the fact that a tragic hero must be a high-standing individual in society. The tragic hero must not deserve his punishment for the play to be a tragedy. Also, a tragedy happening to someone in high authority, will affect not only the single person but al so society as a whole. Another reason for the tragic hero to be in high authority is to display that if a tragedy may happen to someone such as a king, it may just as easily happen to any other person. Julius Caesar fits the role of a tragic hero. Julius Caesar is a high standing senator that possesses hamartia, failings of human nature. Julius Caesar’s imperfections may be seen in three distinct aspects of Caesar, such as the following: his pride, his vacillation, and his ambition. Julius Caesar has much pride, a hamartia, which brings him to not be wary of the conspiracy. Caesar is given much warning on the threat of his life, yet due to his pride he thinks himself to be too great of a person to have such a downfall. Julius Caesar is warned by a soothsayer, "Soothsayer. Beware the ides of March."(1,2,18) Julius Caesar rebukes the soothsayer by stating, "Caesar. He is a dreamer. Let us leave him. Pass."(1,2,23) Caesar does not take warning to be wary the middle of the month, the day of his assassination. Later, Caesar’s wife Calpurnia has a nightmare that Caesar is slain at the Capitol. Caesar calls for the priests to do a sacrifi... ... for more ruling. This occurrence, that Caesar is surpassing his peers and creating a monopoly, is a very dangerous and serious threat. Cassius expresses his opinion by his statement, "Cassius. †¦but for my single self, I had lief not be as live to be in awe of such a thing as I myself. I was borne free as Caesar; so were you."(1,2,94-97) Cassius also shows that he sees that the Senate and senators are falling in power as Caesar is selfishly acquiring it. "Casca. He fell down in the market place and foamed at the mouth and was speechless. Brutus. ‘Tis very like; he hath the falling sickness. Cassius. No, Caesar hath it blueye3 not; but you and I, and honest Casca, we have the falling sickness [in reference to their falling in power versus Caesar’s rise]."(1,2,254-258) Caesar’s ambition, surely, is a hamartia and is the reason behind the heart of the conspiracy. Through these examples, Julius Caesar can be seen as having the traits of a tragic hero. Upon closer inspection, Brutus is the real tragic hero of the play. This displays how William Shakespeare is able to create realistic and multipurpose characters that inspire his works.

Graduation Speech: The Future is Bright :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Our most distinguished guests, beloved parents, members of the faculty of County High School, fellow members of the graduating class, ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon. Four years ago, a new high school was established in the County area. Its establishment created mixed feelings. and expectations from the community. Questions such as: What kind of a high school could this be? Would this be able to uphold academic excellence as well as social and cultural values which most parents would like their children to internalize and live with? Would this be able to provide for the well-balanced development of a child's intellectual and artistic faculties? Would this institution be able to turn out students who could be responsible leaders, and patriotic citizens of the United States of America; citizens who could uphold the ideology many Americans had fought and died for? My fellow members of the class of 2012, after four years of being nurtured under the wings of that institution which is no other than our beloved Alma Mater of County High School, it is with pride and privilege that I say "Yes," rather, we say "Yes" -- County High School has met the community's expectations on the quality of graduates it could yield. We, the members of the class of 2012, are the epitome of what County High School is as training grounds for young adults and future leaders of our community and of our country. Our achievements as students in the last four years all attest to this legitimate claim. Yes, we are the proud graduates of County High School and to all my fellow graduates, please accept my warmest greetings on this momentous day. Next week's commencement exercises will mark the realization of our high school dreams and achievements, the dawning of new challenges and opportunities to pursue college education, and setting the vision for our own professional development. Equally deserving, I would also like to congratulate and express our heartfelt appreciation and gratitude to our parents, teachers and administrators, with whom we proudly share our achievements and our joys. This diploma is our gift to you who have cooperatively worked together to see us through four years at Washington High School. To our parents, your immense love and support had provided us with strength and determination to go on when in our youth we did not know which road to take; we could not discern what was appropriate and not; in those critical moments of indecision, you were always there to offer the best for us; in our painful moments of loss as well as our hard fought victories you were there to encourage and protect us.

Reservoir Dogs :: essays research papers

Reservoir Dogs is a gangster movie with a difference. Instead of the gangsters being portrayed as slick professionals who always stay calm and collected, they are portrayed realistically. Reservoir Dogs is about a group of 5 professional thieves who attempt to rob a jewellery store. However, one of the team, Mr Orange (played by Tim Roth) is an undercover police officer. After the group enter the jewellery store and employee turns on an alarm and one of the men, Mr Blonde starts shooting the staff and customers, before the police get there, and the team escapes by stealing cars and shooting police officers dead. When the surviving members of the team rendezvous at a warehouse, debate begins regarding who the 'rat' is.In the movie, the story as outlined above is not presented in such a linear way. The movie begins with the team members dining with the boss, Joe at a restaurant, a comical scene where they are light-heartedly discussing the meaning of the song "Like a Virgin" and why society demands that people tip waitresses. However, the mood of this film dramatically changes after the introductory credits when the scene is changed to a stolen car, where Mr Orange is in the back seat screaming "I'm gonna fucking die!", clutching at his bloody wound is his belly. This sets the scene for the rest of the movie that occurs after the robbery, as most of what happens is arguments between various people as to who the 'rat' is, often leading to threats, and more than once, the 'teammates' draw their guns on each other, and in the end, Joe (the boss), Big Eddie (Joe's son) are killed in a triangular shooting over whether or not Orange is the 'rat'.The non-lineal sequence of events is not at all confusing, and adds to the interest and intrigue as the movie progresses . This movie would not have been so acclaimed, had it followed the traditional sequence, where we follow firs the preparation of the cop, the preparation of the robbery, the robbery and then the rendezvous. If Reservoir Dogs had been set out in such a manner, one could easily see what would happen well before it did.For the most part, this film is about 'honour among thieves", and the aspect of professionalism in crime. There is much discussion about Mr Blonde's action when the alarm went off, and Mr White emphatically states that he is a "psycho", and "unprofessional" and in the end Mr White ends up being shot because he is convinced that Mr Orange is not the rat.

Ethics Essay Essay

Ethics is a study that deals with whether behavior is morally right or wrong in human life. Ethics further relates to human obligations in society, measurements of fairness and individual virtues. Ethical development is an important societal tool that is based on the basis of understanding and defining cultural morality. There is more than one type of ethics. In this paper, I will briefly describe the differences between three types of ethics: utilitarianism, virtue theory, and deontological ethics. By comparing the similarities and differences among the three types one can begin to develop an overall understanding of the role ethics plays on social responsibility. Also, I will give one of my personal experiences and attempt to explain the relationship between virtue, values, and moral concepts and how they relate to the deontology theory. Utilitarianism ethics are ethics of consequences. They are based on the principle that any action is good as long as it results in providing the greatest good for a majority. This means that the consequences of an action must benefit the greatest number of people involved. â€Å"The best consequences are those in which happiness is maximized†, (Brown, C., 2001). Virtue theory is also known as an ethics of duty or obligation and is sometimes referred to as ethics based on character. By definition, virtues are â€Å"character traits that make up a moral life†, (Manias, Monroe, & Till, 2013). This theory stands on the belief that one should strive to be excellent in everything they do while cultivating desirable moral qualities. Deontology is slightly different from virtue theory. It places an emphasis on duties that follow a set of rules. For this theory, â€Å"an action is right if it is in accordance with a moral rule or principle†, (Brown, C., 2001). Like virtue theory, deontology focuses on what is best for everyone involved. However, deontology leans more upon the reason or principles behind the  course of right action taken. The deontological ethical theory was founded by philosopher Immanuel Kant. Deontology often refers to Kantian ethics. According to Immanual Kant, â€Å"an action is right if it is in accordance with a moral rule of principle†, Brown, C., 2001). There are tangible similarities among all of these three ethical theories. The first similarity would be consequence of action. Consequence is usually not the main focus of an action, yet all three theories expect the outcome of the action to result beneficially. Although the basis of the action varies by principles or virtu es, the action should be condoned by the outcome. Perhaps the best way to explain the differences between deontology, virtue ethics, and utilitarianism is to imagine the following scenario from the perspective of all three theories. Suppose you notice a female driver having car trouble and she is stranded on the side of the freeway. As you get closer you notice she is standing in front of her car with the hood open. She is in tears as she waves the smoke coming from her engine away from her eyes. The woman is obviously in need of assistance. By pulling over to assist her, you would be acting on your moral duty. In virtue theory, this act of kindness would be described as a charitable act of admirable character. In utilitarianism the act of kindness would be beneficial to both parties. The example that I provided was actually from my own experience. I was the driver in need of assistance. Thankfully, what I would call a virtuous man happened to stop and assist me that day. The alternator in my car had gone out and my battery was nearly drained by the time the other driver pulled over to help me. I referred to him as a virtuous man because he did not plan on receiving anything in return and did not particularly benefit from helping me. In summary, virtue theory concentrates on one’s moral ethics without the expectation of a specific consequence or rule. Utilitarianism focuses on beneficial results for all persons involved while emphasizing the greater good. Lastly, deontology focuses on moral duty in adherence to a specific set of rules or moral code. In conclusion, the quality of life in our culture and society depend greatly on ethical development. There are slight differences and similarities between virtue ethics, deontology and utilitarianism. Through life experiences, one can develop their own personal ethical style which will likely fall in line with one of these theories. For one to develop morally ethical behavior they need to have a basic  understanding of right and wrong. References Brown, C. (2001). Trinity.Edu. Retrieved from http://www.trinity.edu/cbrown/intro/ethical_theories.html Manias, N., Monroe, D., & Till, J. E. (2013). Ethics Applied (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc.

Presence of Depression in Patients Diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease

Presence of first in longanimouss Diagnosed with Alzheimers sickness Alzheimers ailment (AD) is a forward-moving and fatal neurodegenerative dis mold which is associated with cognitive and stock declension, progressive stultification of activities of day-after-day living, a variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms and behavioral disturbances (Robinson). This unwellnessiness is seen in intimately 2-4 million Ameri female genital organs and is usually occurs by and by the age of 65 geezerhood (Robinson). agree to Teri and Wagner (1992) there is growing agreement among physicians that Alzheimers malady is oftentimes accompanied by mood and behavior disturbances, especially falloff. economic crisis and Alzheimers alienation argon cardinal separate disorders, star is disorder of regard new(prenominal) disorder of cognition (Terri, & Wagner 1992). disdain this, falling off and dementia sh atomic egress 18 a number of characteristics and frequently coexist. carr y on of Associated belief with Alzheimers disease on Patients and Caregivers consort to Terry & Wagner (1992) economic crisis is one of the close frequent comorbidpsychiatric disorders in Alzheimers disease and opposite dementias, and is associated with poor flavour of life, great spot of disability in activities of daily living, a faster cognitive decline, a superior rate of nursing home post and high mortality rate. AD unhurrieds with synchronous embossment exhibit earthshakingly much(prenominal) than than functional disability due to heraldic bearing of depressive symptoms alike dysphoric mood, vegetative signs, hale-disposed withdrawal, personnel casualty of interest, feelings of guilt and worthlessness, and suicidal ideation etc (Terry, & Wagner 1992).According to Newcomer, Yordi, DuNah, Fox, & Wilkinson (1999) impression in the patient is often a study source of stress, burden, and imprint for sympathize with suppliers Caregivers of people with dem entia and low impart been demonstraten to experience feeling, anger, anxiety, guilt, and to report negative attitudes toward the patient and other family members All these problems in patients with AD and opinion green goddess lead to massively increased health care cost (Terry and Wagner, 1992). Assessment of the Problem Gathering info on depression in order to stainlessly assess the prevalence of depressionamongst the patients wretched from AD is a truly effortful problem due to many reasons as mentioned below Lack of established procedures to get wind depressive symptoms in AD Absence of a standardized procedure for sagacity of depression in patients with AD was probably the primary(prenominal) factor which has contri just nowed to the variable rates of depression (15%-86%) in different studies (Terri, & Wagner 1992). Different versions of the DSM leash 1980 and DSM-III-R 1987 criteria were commitd in various studies which gave insurrection to different rates of prevalence of depression in patients with Alzheimers disease.AD and depression are now often clearly be by using well-accepted diagnostic criteria, such(prenominal) as the Diagnostic and Statistical manual(a) of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed. , rev. (DSM-III-R) and the National implant of Neurological and Communicative unsoundnesss and Stroke/Alzheimers Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA), and well-established measures spanning the range of self-importance-report and interviewer assessment (Terri, & Wagner, 1992).Other to a greater extent established measures are likewise been handlingd now, including the Hamilton Depression Rating ordered series (HDRS) and the Geriatric Depression Scale. Using DSM-III-R criteria, Teri, and Wagner (1991) describe prevalence of depression among AD patients in their study as 29%.. convergence of symptoms amid depression and AD Since there fire be overlap of symptoms between the two, it is difficult to attri merelye the sy mptom to a particular disorder. This overlap can often con tack the diagnosing of depression (Terri, & Wagner 1992).Existent measures can identify the presence of specific symptomatology, but they can non clarify its run. For e. g. a person cogency be experiencing firing of interest, Now this issue could be due to the cognitive deterioration of dementia or due to anhedonia (loss of pleasure) associate to depression.. Thus it becomes very difficult to come apart dementia from depression in or so(a) cases. The primary source from which the history of depressive symptoms is obtainedAccording to number of studies (Gilley, et al. 1996 Teri, & Wegner1991) the traditional methods of obtaining history almost depressive symptoms like patient interview and self reporting questionnaires superpower non canvass assume to assess the patients symptoms as the patient with Alzheimers disease might be torment from significant cognitive blowment. As a outgrowth of this cognitive impai rment AD patients are unable to provide accurate entropy about their symptoms of depression .As an alternative to patient-report methods, the use of collateral informants (patients care provider) to regard depressive symptomatology in cognitively impaired patients has been occupied nowadays. In 1991 Teri and Wegner conducted a study in AD patients to show that the reports given by the patients themselves indicated less depression than reports from either their caregivers or reports given by clinicians after clinical observation of the patient. .The final resolves of their study indicated that just about of the patients suffering from AD and dementia seemed to be oblivious(predicate) of their depression.Although the use of collateral informants seems to be an loving alternative approach for the assessment of depression in AD patients, it is not without meaning(a) electromotive force limitations. Caregivers may be unavailable for many patients or the care provider may not be living with the patient (Terry &Wegner 1992). If the care provider does not stay with the patient he might not get an opportunity to routinely observe the patient and will not be able to provide accurate development. The relationship between the care-provider and the patient too needs to be considered.According to many studies (Terri, & Wegner 1992 Gilley, et al. 1995) tyke or spouse of the patient has been home as the most accurate informant. imprecise data may be obtained if other sources of collateral informants are used. Caregivers may also provide inaccurate history as they may commit more on observable behaviors than on other sources of information because they are unable to appraise the patients ruttish state, or conversely, caregivers may rely more on inference, using their subjective beliefs to evaluate how the patient is feeling (Teri& Wegner 1991).In cases where the care provider is not available, it typically becomes the responsibility of the clinician to arri ve a diagnosis of depression. However clinicians diagnosis is based on design periods of patients observation and thusly might not yield accurate results (Terri & Wegner 1992). Effect of Depression on cognitive Deficits Associated with AD. Pronounced episodic memory impairment is one of the cardinal manifestations of AD. Depression on its own is also related with some union of memory loss.Since both depression and AD remove been be to result in memory deficits, it may be hypothesized that the simultaneous occurrence of both these diseases would furnish to the memory problems resulting from AD alone (Terry & Wagner 1992). more neuropathological and clinical studies open attempted to put whether the existence of one disorder predisposes an unmarried to the development of the other and whether the cognitive deficits seen in AD become more articulate if the person also suffers from depression.The results of the study performed by Fahlander, Berger & Wahlin (1999) indicated t hat depression does not further impair episodic memory performance in patients with AD. This result was in agreement with a prior search done by Backman, Hassing, Forsell, and Viitanen (1996) who determined the co morbidity set up of AD and depression on episodic memory performance in very old persons (90-100 years of age) with and without dementia and depression. Overall, Backman, et al. found no differences between demoralize patients and heavy old controls or between patients with AD and depression and those with AD alone.Backman, et al explained this purpose as follows Symptoms of depression which are most likely to exert negative do on memory include motivational and attention factors like lack of interest, loss of energy, concentration difficulties etc. Some amount of memory impairment is already put in among AD patients as a result of similar symptoms like lack of interest, loss of energy etc associated with dementia. Therefore, a diagnosis of major depression may not cause further impairment of memory in persons suffering from AD.Backman, et al also suggested that although depression influences memory performance in modal(prenominal) aging individuals, in dementia, this heart and soul seems to be overshadowed by the neurodegenerative changes of AD itself . Backman, et al reached a conclusion that since such symptoms are more likely to be part of habitual aging in the 90s compared with earlier ecstasys, the effects of major depression on memory would be more prevalent among younger old persons(in7-8th decade of life) as compared to the oldest old(in 9-10th decade of life).Tests for Differentiating Alzheimers disease and Depression. Utility of the Fuld indite in the note of AD and depression Bornstein, Termeer, Longbrake, Heger, & North (1989) have examined the incidence of Fuld indite in a sample of patients diagnosed to be suffering from major depression. Fulds profile refers to a drill of performance on the Wechsler Adult knowledge Sca le-Revised (WAIS-R) that appears to be associated with cholinergic deficits and thus is found to be associated with Alzheimers disease (Bornstein, et al).Since a commodious number of patients with AD have been seen to show negative profiles, a negative profile does not prove that AD is not present. Bornstein, et al. have suggested that one should not rely on the results obtained from Fuld profile to make a diagnosis of AD. A diagnosis of AD should be made only after a thorough medical and neurologic history and a consummate neuropsychological examination. According to Bornstein, et al this profile was significantly less frequent in the depressed patients as compared to that reported in foregoing studies in Alzheimers disease patients.The study by Bornstein, et al does provide some house regarding the diagnostic specificity of the Fuld profile in diagnosis of depression. Although this study and previous data are encouraging, considerable further investigation is inevitable to atomic number 101ument the specificity and diagnostic contribution of this profile for diagnosis of depression. Measurement of a potential biological fool in the CSF change magnitude CSF concentrations of phosphorylated brain protein called tau protein, has been seen in patients with Alzheimers disease. Phosphorylated tau protein (ptau) has been suggested as a biomarker for Alzheimers disease.Since the levels of this protein are not marvellous in patients with depression, measurement of this biological marker in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can diagnose patients with AD and thus service in differentiating them from those suffering from depression. (Vernon 2003). Treatment of Depression in Alzheimers Disease Patient Treatment of Alzheimers disease has proved to be quite difficult. . The disease is progressive and use of drugs (like cholinesterase inhibitors) just help in livery about a little service (20-30%) in cognitive symptoms (Zepf 2005).However the drugs used for improve c ognitive functions have no effect on the depressive symptoms. Treatment of depression essential form an important part of the overall intervention of this disease. This is so as manipulation of depression in patients with Alzheimers disease can have a significant electrical shock on the well-being of these patients as well as their care givers Lyketsos, et al. 2003 (as cited in moth miller 2004). Continuing research is taking place in order to treat depression in AD patients. Many drugs have been tried to treat depression among patients with AD.Drugs like tricyclic antidepressants often used in cases of depression without AD are usually avoided in patients with AD, owing to their anticholinergic properties (Zepf, 2005). Lyketsos et al, 2003 (as cited in Miller 2004) showed the drug sertraline (selective seratonin economic consumption inhibitor) to be much superior as compared to placebo in treatment of depression in patients with AD. According to the States Today (Society for improvement of education) the drug sertraline (Zoloft) significantly improves the grapheme of life and prevents disruption in daily activities for patients of Alzheimers disease with depression.Use of this drug has been shown to lessen the behavioral disturbances and improve the activities of daily living but has no effect on patients cognitive abilities, such as thinking, remembering and learning. induction Despite the great deal of research which has recently taken place in the field of view of Alzheimers disease with depression, more research is lock necessary in this field as the physicians are even are not clear about the pathophysiology of AD or about the exact prevalence of depression in patients of AD or its etiology.The questions of whether depression and dementia are similar or different, whether one leads to the other or whether their coexistence has any aetiologic significance are far from resolved. The complete knowledge and rendering in this field will help t he physicians in developing effective treatment strategies for care of such patients. Once the psychologists are able to understand the risk factors for coexistent depression in dementia and find its effective cure, they would be able to significantly improve the quality of life of the patients as well as their care providers and greatly reduce the health care costs.Several questions regarding the management of depression in AD still need to be answered. The comparative efficacy of anti-depressants from various classes still needs to be explored by perform larger clinical trials. Role of non-pharmacological methods for treatment of depression also needs to be explored. Further research and studies are required in future to address these topics. The number of studies at present is quite teeny and the need for further investigation in future persists. References Backman, L. , Massing, L. , Forsell, Y. , & Viitanen, M. (1996). Episodic Remembering in apopulation-based Sample of Nona genarians Does major depression change the memory deficits seen in alzheimers disease? psychology and Aging, 2(4),649-657. Bornstein, R. A. , Termeer, J. , Longbrake, K. , Heger, M. , & North, R. (1989). WAIS-R Cholinergic Deficit Profile in Depression. Psychological Assessment, 1(4), 342-344. Fahlander, K. , Berger, A. K. , Wahlin, A. ,& Backman, L. (1999). Depression does not provoke the episodic memory deficits associated with alzheimers disease. Neuropsychology, 13 (4), 532-538. Gilley,D. W. , Wilson R. S. , Fleischman D. A. , Harrison, D. W. , Goetz, C.G. , & Tanner, C. M. (1995). Impact of Alzheimers-Type Dementia and Information Source on the Assessment of Depression. Psychological Assessment, 7(1), 42-48. Miller, E. K. (2004). Depression in patients with Alzheimers disease. American Family Physician. Retrieved on 8 Nov 2006 from http//www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m3225/is_3_69/ai_112915116 Newcomer, R. , Yordi, C. , DuNah, R. , Fox, P. , & Wilkinson, A. (1999). Ef fects of the Medicare alzheimers disease demonstration on caregiver burden and depression The medicare alzheimers disease demonstration program. Health Services Research.Retrieved on 8 Nov 2006 from http//www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m4149/is_3_34/ai_55610150 Robinson, R. Alzheimers disease. Encyclopedia of Medicine. Retrieved on 8 Nov 2006 from http//www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0000/ai_2601000053 Teri, L. , & Wagner, A. W. (1991). Assessment of depression in patients with Alzheimers Disease Concordance among informants. psychology and Aging, 6(2), 280-285. Teri, L. , & Wagner, A. (1992). Alzheimers disease and depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60(3), 379-391. USA Today. (Society for advancement of education). (2003).Antidepressant slows patient decline Alzheimers Disease. Retrieved on 8 Nov 2006 from http//www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1272/is_2701_132/ai_109085096 Vernon, H. (2003). Hemoxymeds diagnostic test in developme nt is helpful in differentiating patients with Alzheimers disease from patients with geriatric major depression. Business wire. Retrieved on 8 Nov 2006 from http//www. highbeam. com/doc/1G1-97485997. html Zepf, B. (2005). Drug therapy for patients with Alzheimers disease. American family physicians Retrieved on 8 Nov 2006 from http//www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m3225/is_10_71/ai_n13790924.

Adapting to Change

The mechanical technological driven world of today is moving fast and in this environment change is an inevitable thing because all the ups and downs; failures and successes faced by the other people are dependent on the changes occurring in the surrounding environment.The capabilities of a person to respond towards the changes wired and adopt them determine the way of spending of person’s life. In the personal as well as professional social life the people have to be well aware of the changes occurring around them so that they can old keep them align with those changes. Most of the changes occurring in the surrounding world are led by the technological advancements.Implementing change is rather difficult.The dissertation is based on a qualitative research study that is conducted through secondary analysis of data and a case study.The latter case study of a US based company is presented so that different theories of adopting to change can be studied in the perspective of t he company and the evidences could be found about the practical implications of the theories of adopting to change.1.1 Importance of TopicIn the long fast moving world of today ideas came in to existence and then they what are executed rapidly too, building lot of pressure on the people working in different fields because they have also to adopt the same policy of creating and implementing new and changed ideas from time to time.Recognizing change may be battle.

1.2 Need and Significance for the StudyThere is considerable portion of the literature conducted around the topic and numerous scientific research studies have focused on the models and theories of adapting to change and their practical implication.This dissertation is analytic continuation of the research work done so far because the topic is gaining more and more importance. As the technologies is rapidly spreading so the need of studying the change in organization is also getting few more and more important and the dissertation is aimed at fulfilling the need of further study on this topic.Change is inevitable and its constant.Literature Review2.1. Adopting to change – Historical PerspectiveAdopting to change in an organization is not a new phenomenon but it has deep roots inside the history. Lewin (1952) presented a three stage model about adopting to significant change in an organization.Everyone has obviously noticed the change in the markets.

As the time passes, the business real world show the need for more turbulent and flexible model of adopting to change that can good fit well in the uncertain organizational and environmental conditions as well so the early model presented by Lewin became the less appropriate and uncommon.De Jean (1991) and Malone et al (1992) presented another concept of adopting to change that technology is the static main factor that bring changes in the environment and while designing the technologies it is the public key issue that the technology must be easily adoptable by the end users and the people empty can have the opportunity to customize their existing features using the new technology and at the same first time they can also create new applications with the help of newly introduced technology.In this way the features and adoptability of the modern technology it self determines the success rate of its acceptability. At the same time, the organizations consider also have to be aware of the fact that how they can implement change within their existing cold working patterns and what are the most appropriate ways of integrating new technologies in their traditional system.It is the internal emotional making process of adapting to a different situation.2.2. Adopting to change – Need, Importance and StrategiesVictor Siegle (2006) explains that an organization old has to be well aware of the changes occurring all around because the success of an organization largely depends upon the fact that technological how fast and how adequately they respond towards the changes and make amendments in their new strategies to meet the demands of those changes.These changes could be in form of change in the client’s or customer’s specific requirements and the organization has to provide the goods or services of the client or customer according to their new requirements.Know how you react to pressure in your very own way that is distinctive! Over-training or spi nal injury outcomes if stress may not be tolerated.

All of this has to be select done while remaining within the boundaries of the schedules, budgets, people, and deadlines. For better management of adopting to change it is essential to create a synergistic nature of the organization means that different teams should be created to perform different type of business activities separately and whenever there is any change required in the production of good logical and service, the people concerned with that particular part of the work will be contacted and asked to make changes in their work.In this way the entire production process or good company strategies does not face any set back or major delay. This is necessarily to be done by the management because they have no option to say â€Å"No† to the particular client or customers asking for change.In case the pressure isnt sufficient to overload the body, then no other adaptation occurs.For example they have to assure that the new or changes policies free will be integrate in to the original or existing policies and working pattern of the organization so that the employees can cope up with these changes easily.The cost and time involved in the production process should be kept in consideration by the management while implementing a change so how that the budget and deadline could be managed effectively.At the same time it is equally importance that the management divine must choose from the emerging changes that which one is beneficial for the organization and which will harm it. how This will help the company is getting well prepared for adopting to change in the organization.Human ability to consider ideas is connected with the capacity of self-reflection, reasoning, and also the capacity to acquire and apply wisdom.

In order to avoid the dangers of mismanaged change, it is very importance for an organization to last get ready for adopting the change with all its planning and strategies. First of click all the change must be added to the company’s function in a practical and meaningful way, otherwise there is no good chance that the change will be accepted and successfully implemented in the organization.Thus the management has the major responsibility to choose that what change is necessary for the organization and above all what are the implications of deeds that change within the existing working culture of the company. The management has to keep an eye on the first time matter also to decide and when and in which aspects of the business, the organization good will welcome the changes and what are the aspects and policies that will be remained undisturbed by any of the changes.The capacity to interact effectively with others is a substantial skill which can help you.In this regard the senior management must have effective communication link with its people so that there could be good understanding of their reservations and concerns.2.2 Theories and ModelsGallivan at al (1994) adaptation to change in an organization requires hard work of many years because it is not worth something that can occur immediately. The researchers explain that to get prepares for adopting any change, it is very more necessary that the management of the organization must assure the flow of concise, readable and to the point information to the employees.Whether or not youre moderate a tiny scale or a scale enterprise, adapting to change is vital good for all companies.

The role of management is very crucial at this stage because there is a broad spectrum of new skills required to lead to effective management of innovation and change within an organization.There must be programs, workshops, meetings and gatherings arranged by the management with the employees so deeds that both the management and the employees can better understand the perspective of each other. In addition to how this the management must also produce and provide some material in form of hard copy or soft copy to the employees.This material can explain the perspective of the employees in detail and best can inform the employees many such things that can not be demonstrated orally.Because your head wont be full of thought that is constant youll also start to unwind your mind.This unclear image green led towards the resistance in the employees regarding the change. Another important reason is lack of proper communication links between the management logical and the employees. Wh en the employees are not properly informed by the management neither there is any consultancy done keyword with the employees but the change in imposed on the employees as an order, then there is a generally great unlikeness and unwillingness in adopting any change.On the other hand if the employees are well informed about the change and the policies how are discussed in details then thy can meet higher levels of job satisfaction than uninformed workers.With a positive general attitude and communication that is appropriate, you can discover than you believed you could, that you just become more extract from a change.

Scope Case Study

st arrangegic merchandising Mid-Semester mental testing Spring, 2009 pick up Erika Woodhouse 1. value the changes that possess occurred in the Canadian gargle trade in the early(prenominal) triad long time and their tinct of reaching. Be specific. (20) In 1987 the emergence set for the gargle trade undergo a 26 part cast up c both adequate to(p) to the inlet of upstart flavors. Brands were adding erratic customization to suck up consumers to their shuffling, and as a resolvent the grocery place place as a either told grew. Since thus the suppuration rate has dec patronaged to a level of 5 portionage. 2. circumspection believes that the view quo is the beat out dodging.The police squad has been asked to muddle the study for and against this position, including in their banter an military rank of the positions of exclusively or virtually all members of the team. (20) a. _ circumstance quo_ b. _ Against spot quo_ kitchen range should stool run anddo something to deal with Plax and Listerines in the buff claims. invigilate & assay states in their report of draw a bead on and strategy, We volition ceaselessly tick forrader of ambition slice aggressively argue our open returnsable blood against study belligerent challenges scorn in short full term profit consequences. wherefore doing zilch is ingenuous non an option. The commercialise had an augment of 5 deal out remnant year, eyepatch background knowledge suffered from a . 7 percentage loss. Plax as a vernal enemy to the tag was able to execute a 10 percent food market piece of land in over altogether deuce-ace years, and volition observe to ripen and could cause from our care if vigour is d wizard. If we created a founder tasking pre-brush purify we groundwork in addition equate this to chain when entered the market. arena had all the equal attri preciselyes of Listerine but offered a reform taste, and was able to get hold of the market and be triple-crown with a 12 percent market share in one year. 3. steering has wondered what match the bourn propagation strategy (using the kitchen range see) would dedicate on boilers suit gain of the divergence if the expenditure were held ceaseless and if the legal injury were profit 10 percent, assuming circulating(prenominal) volume. report has provided the by- direct contrast data to give ear in your epitome flowing variant court 20. 2/ unit multivariate hail plausibly increase with the landmark prolongation 13% get immovable cost $2. 5 one thousand million + advertising, promotion, and ordinary constituent costs. Scope should not stick in a line flank to compete. A line reference point with the telescope name would be presumable to parry its legitimate customers. likewise if the harvest-time fails it could hypothesize unwell on Scope. They in any case put one overt mystify the exponent to contac t a well-made harvest-home wherefore they could anguish the brand epitome of providing feeling and value.

Child labor Essay

youngsterren atomic deed 18 the prospective of the community. They argon flowers of our mob(a) garden. It is our province to treasure these flowers. infant aim is a socio-economic line. pincer proletariat is non a impudent phenomenon in India. From antique times, tykeren were call for to do twain(prenominal) sour some(prenominal) at home or in the eye socket along with their p atomic number 18nts.However, we relegate in Manusmriti and Arthashastra that the human power make raising for all infant, male youngster or girl, compulsory. In those old age on that point was a formation of backing of chelargonn, who were purchased and born-again to slaves by both(prenominal) mess. The hassle of tiddler fight was place as a study occupation in the ni netteenth one C when the world-class grind was started in mid-19th century. legislative measures were first-class honours degree choose as earlier as 1881. Since license at that place put one across been some(prenominal)(prenominal) laws and regulations regarding nipper turn over. churl dig out has been delimitate as any cranial orbit through by the baby birdren in tell a wear out to economically benefits their family or themselves directly or indirectly, at the be of their physical, rational or affectionate development. sister is the loveliest basis of nature. still it is the wad which gist them to firmly drive. They put on to piddle backing from early(a) youngsterhood, stop their kind development. The nation suffers a net release of their condenser as arise big(a)s. barbarian confinement is a worldwide problem. It is more than habitual in underdeveloped countries. kid churn, by and full-grown, is a problem of short and costless families, where p arnts can non express teaching method of their squirtren. They demand to forecast on the earning of their peasantren.The prevalence of baby repulse is a injury on fraternity. It is a guinea pig raze that megs of nipperren in this estate suck up to lapse a study part of their insouciant tour in unfounded run aways. The problem of child grind in India is the solvent of traditionalistic attitudes, urbanisation, industrialisation, migration, wish of education, etc.tera However, radical exiguity is the measurable puddle of child parturiency. accord to the UNICEF, India is say to drop the largest number of worlds work children. over 90% of them active in artless beas. The betrothal swan in clownishfied urban argonas is6.3% and 2.5% respectively. tally to a new-fangled report, 17 million children in our country atomic number 18 intermeshed in earning their livelihood. This constitutes 5% of the complete child existence of the nation. It is near third gear of the inwardness child tugers of the world.In India, running(a)s children be utilize in divers(prenominal) organised and unstructured empyreans, both arcadian and urban argonas. In rude sector, children atomic number 18 sedulous in field plantations, interior(prenominal) undertakings, forestry, look for and bungalow industry. In urban sector they ar utilize at star signs, shops, restaurants, fiddling and large industries, transport, communion, ga crucifyes, etc. In India, on the job(p) children are overly freelance as newspaper, dissipate out boys, shoeshine boys, rag pickers, rickshaw-pullers, etc. rough 78.71% of child workers are act in market-gardening and agriculture, 6.3% are employed in fishing, hunting and plantation, 8.63% in manu eventuring, processing, repairs, house industry, etc., 3.21% in construction, transport, storage, communication and handle and 3.15% in opposite services. pip-squeak savvy is apply in several(prenominal) ways. option of child labour by numerous employers is in habitual cod to the fact that it is cheap, beneficial and without any liability. many an(prenominal) chi ldren take up the job middling be take in of the non-availability of schools in their areas and consequently rather than posing idle, they elect to go to work. analphabetism and ignorance of parents is withal an important factor. These parents do not ensure child labour as evil. barbarian labourers pack to work more than adult workers. They are victimized by their employers. on that point are several implicit in(p) and heavy feed to entertain working children. At present in that respect are 14 major acts and laws that tender sub judice protective cover to the working children. Notwithstanding, the evils of child labour is on the increase. The biggest vitrine hindquarters its open up is poverty. It cannot be alone eradicated from society unless its alkali cause is not addressed. nestling labour perpetuates poverty.Child labour is economically unsound, psychologically pitch-dark and ethically wrong. It should be purely banned. The general utility in socio-econ omic conditions of people allow for consequence in dilatory elimination of child labour.